SSL (Secure Socket Layer) is a cryptographic protocol used to ensure the secure transmission of data. It is used to encrypt communication on the Internet and ensure data security.

An SSL certificate is a digital certificate that authenticates a website and encrypts the communication between the site and the user. An SSL certificate is a sign of a secure connection, indicated in a web browser by "https" and a lock icon.

SSL uses a set of cryptographic algorithms and keys to encrypt and decrypt data. A secure connection is established between two parties wishing to communicate and data is encrypted and transmitted over this connection. At the receiving end, the data is decrypted to its original form.

DV SSL (Domain Validated SSL) is a type of SSL certificate that validates a website's domain and provides the signs of a secure connection in browsers. DV SSL certificates go through a simple validation process that requires the owner to prove control of the domain.

Wildcard SSL is a comprehensive type of SSL certificate that applies to a parent domain and its subdomains. This type of SSL certificate protects all subdomains under the domain and encrypts them with a single certificate.

EV SSL (Extended Validation SSL) is a type of SSL certificate that provides the highest level of validation and is displayed in browsers with a green address bar. This type of certificate is issued to a corporate or commercial organization going through the process of verifying the identity and ownership of a website. The EV SSL certificate is displayed in the browser's address bar with a green lock icon next to the website and the name of the company.

OV SSL (Organization Validated SSL) is a type of SSL certificate that verifies the identity of a website and provides the signs of a secure connection in browsers. OV SSL certificates go through a validation process to verify the ownership and authorization of an organization. A website owner who wants to obtain an OV SSL certificate completes a verification process with a Certificate Authority (CA). This process requires the submission of documents and confirmation of identity to verify the legitimacy and ownership of the company. The organization is required to provide sufficient information to verify that it is a valid company, owns the domain and verifies its operations.